Lakhisarai was an established administrative and religious centre during the golden period of Pal bansh. In Buddha literature the town was mentioned as "Anguttri", implying status as a district. Originally it was a new district split off from Munger district. In the ancient period it was identified with the names Munger or Ang Pradesh. During the Pal administration it was the capital for a period.
Historian D. C. Sarkar found evidence that confirmed that this place was an important "Krimila" subject during the Pal administration. A monument to Madan Pal from the period 1161–1162 was found in Balgudar displaying a Narayana statue as Krimila subject. Chinese traveler Huen Tsang described this place as having 10 Buddha mathas and more than four hundred Buddhist residents. Most were Heenyanis. Ten Hindu temples were found.
According to Sri Radha Krishna Chaudhary, the Buddha Mathas were on the southern side of the Ganges. The king of Pal Bans was Buddhist. The region was ruled from seventh century to eleventh century by the administrator of Pal Bans. The Sen family ruled for a period in the 11th century. Acharya Hawaldar Triapthi mentioned this region on the basis of "Mritika Mudra" kept in Nalanda. It implies that Krimila and Caval Gram were important. The people believe that the Krimila of that period is now Kiul Basti, on the Southern side of Lakhisarai station. Krimila was a center of Buddhist religion. Lord Buddha also stayed there for three years on Chaliya Mountain. Jantugram was nearby Chaliya mountain and was situated on the banks of Krimikala river, where Lord Buddha and his followers visited and delivered speeches.
Md. Bin Bakhtiyar attacked this region in the 11th century. Sher Shah Suri ruled this region in the 15th century. Surajgarha witnessed the great war between Sher Shah Suri and Mughal emperor Humayun in 1534.
In religious context, Surajgarha was also an important place for the Shiva sect
