handed over to Bijapur, and ir continued to be the headquarters if a district stretching from Bhiwandi to Nagothana. In 1648 Chhatrapati Shivaji"s general Abaji Sondev surprised Kalyan and took the governor prisoner. The Moghals recovered it in 1660, but again lost is apparently in 1662. In April 1675 Fryer found it ruined reeking in its ashes, the people beggarly, kenneling in wretched huts. Still there were signs of former importance. Its sumptuous relics and stately fabrics were the most glorious ruins the Musalmans in the Deccan had ever caused to deplore. There were buildings of many storey faced with square stones and many mosques of cut stone, abating little of their ancient luster, all watered with ponds and having about them costly tombs several of which Shivaji had turned into granaries. In 1674 under the treaty of Rairi or Raygad (June 6 th), Shivaji granted the English leave to establish a factory at Kalyan. In 1728 it had a large Musalman population and several mosques, especially one on the edge of a lake. Among many ruined remains was a pretentious tomb of Matabar Khan, the noble of Aurangzeb dated 1694. In 1750 Tieffenthaler mentions it as a large and well-people city, with 499splendid villages and revenue of Rs.94, 250. It was one long street filled with merchants,the houses red-walled and covered with thatch . In May 1780, as the Marathas had cut off supplies, the Bombay Government determined to occupy the Konkan opposite Thane as far as the Sahyadri hills. Kalyan was seized and placed in charge of Captain Richard Campbell. Nana Fadnavis sent a strong force to recover the place, which, advancing to Kalyan, threatened, if resistance was offered, to destroy the garrison, and caused a European prisoner, English Fyfe to write the commanding officer demanding surrender. Campbell replied that they were welcome to the town if they could take it. After a most spirited defense, on May 25 the day fixed for a general assault the garrison was relieved by
