Under the forms Kaliyan, kalian, kalyan appears, in nine Kanheri inscriptions which from the form of the letters, have been attributed to the first, second and fifth or sixth centuries. Two of the inscriptions mention a Buddhist monastery called Ambalika in Kalyan.According to the Periplus (247) Kalyan rose to importance about the end of the second century of the Christian era. At the time of the Periplus it has and declined. Greek ships were not allowed to trade to Kalliena, and if by chance or stress of weather they entered the harbor, kind Sandanes placed a guard on board and sent them to Broach. In the sixth century Kosmas Indikopleustes(535) mentions Kalliana as one of the five chief marts of western India, the seat of powerful king, with a great trade in brass, blackwood logs, and articles, of clothing. It was also the seat of a Christian bishop who received ordinance from the Persians. About a hundred years later (640) Kalyan has been identified with Hiwen Thsang s capital of Maharashtra, which was touched on the west by a great river. This identification is very doubtfull .Kalyan had already been eclipsed by Thane, whose fame as a place of trade had in 637 brought on the Konkan the first Arab invasion. Thane was the port for foreign trade. Early in the fourteenth century (1312-1318), the Musalmans found Kalyan the head of a district and gave it the name of Islamabad. No reference has been traced to Kalyan or Islamabad during the fifteenth century. It probably was nominally under the Bahmani kings, and at the close of the century. It probably was nominally under the Bahmani kings, and at the close of the century, came more directly under the new dynasty of Ahmadnagar. It was taken by the Portuguese in 1536. They did not garrison the town, but, returning in 1570, burnt the suburbs and carried off much booty. It is described as having a fine fort with a garrison of 1500 men. From this time it seems to have been the head-quarters of a province. In 1636 it was
