The largest employers on Andros Island are the Bahamian government and the AUTEC base at Fresh Creek.
Despite its small population, Andros Island has given rise to several ongoing commercial ventures. Western Air maintains its headquarters in a modern facility at the San Andros airport. A Mennonite mission-run commercial farm was founded near Blanket Sound in 1983, which grows everything from habanera peppers to sorghum and potatoes, and has numerous fruit orchards. The Mennonites also run the largest car repair shop on the island. Androsia, a hand-crafted batik factory founded at Fresh Creek in 1972 produces a vibrant, colourful fabric which has become part of the national dress and identity of the Bahamas. Green Life Growers, a Bahamian native tree nursery at Young Sound, provides landscaping material to real estate developers and government projects throughout the Bahamas.
Commercial fishing remains a mainstay of the island's economy—conch, lobster, snapper and grouper are all commercially harvested for sale locally and in Nassau's fish markets. Seasonal crabbing—catching crabs and fattening them in pens for sale in Nassau—provides a cash crop for locals to supplement their income.
Local handicrafts in the Black Seminole style—particularly wood carvings and woven baskets—are a cottage industry in the settlement of Red Bays. A sample of Red Bays baskets is in the Smithsonian Institution.
There is a fledgling conservation industry on Andros, dedicated to preserving the island's unique ecosystems, working in partnership with both the Bahamian government (Bahamas National Trust) and such varied non-governmental organizations as The Nature Conservancy and Project AWARE of the Professional Association of Dive Instructors (PADI). These efforts resulted in the creation of the Central Andros National Park in 2002. Most of the island's conservation efforts funnel through the non-profit nongovernmental organization Andros Conservancy
