Hinterbruhl was settled as early as 6,000 years ago. In 1182, the first named Hinterbrühler was found to be Gerungus de Prule.
Like the neighbor areas, Hinterbrühl suffered mightily under the two Turkish sieges of 1529 and 1683. Since a majority of the population was killed, the area was inhabited by settlers who moved north from Styria after 1683.
Since 1883, Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram, the first electric streetcar in continental Europe, linked Hinterbrühl to Mödling railway station. It was closed on March 31, 1932. Today, only the Bahnplatz remains of this historic achievement.
On August 4, 1943 a satellite camp of Mauthausen concentration camp was built in the city. The prisoners there built parts, sub-assemblies and BMW 003 turbojet engines for the He 162 jet fighter in a hastily-converted underground factory during late autumn and spring 1945. The 162, known as the Emergency Fighter or People's Fighter (Volksjäger) was an extremely lightweight, cheap and fast plane that could be dicarded if it suffered any damage. Hinterbruhl was just part of a vast crash production program where dozens of factories of varying sizes would make parts for the jet, then send them to sites like Hinterbruhl for final assembly and transshipment to flight test centres — or even directly to airbases, such was the desperate last-minute nature of the enterprise.
In the last days of the war in 1945, the inmates of other camps had to make a 200 km-long march to the concentration camp Mauthausen in Hinterbrühl. Virtually none of them survived. Fifty-one inmates were killed even before the march by a gasoline injections or strangled by SS officers. In 1988 a monument was erected above the Subterranean Lake to honor the 51 victims of this massacre
