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Urban
and civil planning was a key concept when Seoul was first designed to serve as
a capital in the late 14th century. The Joseon Dynasty built
"Five Grand Palaces" in
Seoul:Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, Deoksugung, Gyeongbokgung and Gyeonghuigung,
all of which are located in the district of Jongno-guand Jung-gu.
Among them, Changdeokgung was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List
in 1997 as an "outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and
garden design". The main palace, Gyeongbokgung. is currently being restored
to its original form. The palaces are considered exemplary architecture of the
Joseon period. Beside the palaces, Unhyeongung is known for being the
royal residence of Regent Daewongun, the father of Emperor
Gojong at the end of the Joseon Dynasty.
Seoul
has been surrounded by walls that were built to regulate visitors from other
regions and protect the city in case of invasion. Pungnap Toseong is
a flat earthen wall built at the edge of the Han River which is widely believed
to be the site of Wiryeseong. Mongchon Toseong is another earthen wall
built during the Baekje period which is now located inside
the Olympic Park. The Fortress Wall of Seoul was built early in
the Joseon Dynasty for protection of the city. After many centuries
of destruction and rebuilding, approximately 2/3 of the
