spital and the first bank started operating in 1881. In
1878, the first Grammar School (Gimnazija), in 1882 the Teacher Training
College, and in 1894, the Girls' College were founded in Niš. In 1895, Niš had
one girls' and three boys' primary schools. The City Hall was built from 1882
to 1887. In 1883, KostaČendaš established the first printing house. In 1884,
the first newspaper in the city
NiškiVesnik was
started. In 1884, Jovan Apel built a brewery. A railway line to Niš was built
in 1884, as well as the city's railway station; on 8 August 1884, the first
train arrived from Belgrade. Since 1885, Niš was the last station of the Orient
Express, until the railroad was built between Niš and Sofia in 1888. In 1887
MihailoDimić founded the "Niš Theatre Sinđelić." In 1897 MitaRistić
founded the textile factory Nitex. In 1905 female painter NadeždaPetrović established
the Sićevo art colony. The first film was screened in 1897, and the first
permanent movie theater started operating in 1906.Hydroelectric dam
in Sićevo Gorge on Nišava was built in 1908; at the time, it was the largest in
Serbia. The airfield was built in 1912 on the Trupale field, and the first
airplane arrived on 29 December 1912. City Museum was founded in 1913, hosting
archaeological, ethnographic and art collections.
During the First Balkan War, Niš was the seat of The
Main Headquarters of Serbian Army, who led the military operations against the Ottoman
Empire. In World War I, Niš was the wartime capital of Serbia, hosting the
Government and the National Assembly,
