The city was first mentioned in written sources in 1323, when the Letters of Grand Duke Gediminas were sent to German cities inviting German members of the Jewish community to settle in the capital city, as well as to Pope John XXII. These letters contain the first unambiguous reference to Vilnius as the capital; Old Trakai Castle had been the earlier seat of the court of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
According to legend, Gediminas
dreamt of an iron wolf howling on a hilltop and consulted a
pagan priest for its interpretation. He was told: "What is destined for
the ruler and the State of Lithuania, is thus: the Iron Wolf
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