governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth sultan of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591; the city was established to avoid water shortage experienced at Golkonda, the capital of the Sultanate. He constructed the Charminar, Purana pul and Mecca Masjid in the city. On 21 September 1687, the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golkonda fort. The annexed area was renamed as "Deccan Suba" (Deccan province), and during this period of Mughal rule, the capital was shifted from Golkonda to Aurangabad (about 550 kilometres (342 mi) northwest of Hyderabad).
Nizam period
The sixth of Aurangzeb's successors, Farrukhsiyar appointed Asaf Jah I as the Viceroy of the Deccan in 1712, with the title of "Nizam-ul-Mulk" (Regulator of the Realm) Fateh Jung. In 1724, Asaf Jah I gained autonomy by defeating a rival official to establish control over the Deccan Suba and named it "Hyderabad Deccan", thus starting the dynasty which came to be known as the Asaf Jahi dynasty. The rulers retained the title "Nizam ul-Mulk", and were referred to as Asif Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad. Following the death of Asaf Jah I in 1748, there was political unrest due to the feud on ascension to the throne among the sons of Asaf Jah I, aided by the opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. The reign of Asif Jah II brought an end to the political instability. The Nizam signed the treaty of Masulipatnam in 1768 with the East India Company; through this treaty the Nizam surrendered the coastal region to the East India Company, in return the East India Company would have to pay a fixed annual rent to the Nizam.
In 1769, Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. Due to regular threats from the neighboring rulers of Mysore, Maratha and Basalath
